Literature Review Parent's Impact on Children's Physical Activity Essay

Literature Review Parent's Impact on Children's Physical Activity Levels - Essay Example But these studies have been anything but simple. The evolution of man when studied on children is an uphill task to say the least. There are many complex phenomena that are involved in it, and one should be conscious while making the same assumptions for adults that one makes for children. There were a huge number of interesting findings that lead to learn more about the way children behave in general, especially in the realm of physically activity. One would like to assume, that since there are obvious differences between children, this it would be fair to assume that they are different on some form of physical attribute as well. Eccles et al (1997) concludes that, children have more competence beliefs for physical values in so far as learning from the parents is concerned. This variation is not only of academic value, but would also end up determine possible patterns of behavior, which would in turn establish both individual as well as social behavior, that can have economic as well as political implications. Therefore, in order to form a conclusion about the ability of children to read and the differences therein, it is important to consider the biological and psychological basis of the same. In a recent study, children's development was shown to be affected by the content of the activities (Oakhill and Petrides, 2007). Therefore, an act that actually triggers their fancy, and would be of some value to their interests is likely to have them engrossed in the activity for a greater amount of time. The way children start physical development, and the differences therein are crucial to understand before an impression about their future development can be formulated. It is the difference in choice of toy that they start showing initially, from which the first signs of gender identity appear to develop. Parents' role in encouragement and support It has now been established that children from a very young age start to develop affiliation and understanding of the parents. Even when a child is of a few months, he/she starts to show sense of attachment as Piaget has been able to conclude through his work. From about 9 months onwards, children start to get appreciation of familiar figures, and their absence as potent matters of existence. This then transforms into attachment in due course, which transcends into role identification. Stewart, et al, (2003) elucidates that "physical activity interventions targeted at children should include and evaluate the efficacy of individual-level and community-level strategies to increase parents' capacity to provide instrumental and motivational support for their children's physical activity." This further is also supported by Cleland, et al, (2005) wherein it is established that parental exercise influences their children's participation in extracurricular sports. The behaviorist theory entails that a person learns every thing from its environment, and that a person is more likely to produce an act, which he has seen before. It can also be understood in the context of imitating or modeling, whereby similar acts are repeated. "Environmental influences such as parental approval and social custom shape us into wanting certain things and not wanting others" (Rathus, p. 399, 2002). In the same light, Garrett, et al (1999) purport that it is worth considering that children are nor necessarily a unanimous group; they

Nursing practice and health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Nursing practice and health care - Essay Example Hospitals stays are becoming shorter with the average patient staying 6.1 days in the late 1990s for acute admittance, as compared to 11.3 days in the early 1970s (Department of Health, 2003a). The practices for the most ideal outcomes which enhance independent living are constantly evaluated as to their appropriateness to modern day living. The issue of discharge and its effects on patients is critical to discuss as most patients want to return to life as it was previous to their admission. Also, it is the post-modern aim of the NHS that service delivery focus on acute care which is unable to be provided efficiently by other health care service organizations. This paper will review the positive and negative impacts of hospital discharge on patients, their relatives, carers and health professionals. Secondly, local practices as experienced at placement at the Lewisham Hospital will be detailed. And the alignment of local practices with National Strategies will be identified. Finally, a conclusion shall synthesise the main points of the paper and demonstrate that decreasing in-hospital stays can have a positive effect on patients. The adult patient has many developmental tasks to meet, whatever their lifespan stage; young adult, middle adult or older adult. The health of the adult client occurs along a health-illness continuum. Many factors will affect adult health; genetic makeup, cognitive abilities and education level; ethnicity and cultural background; age, gender and developmental stage; lifestyle and environment; socio-economic background; geographic area; and their health promotion and maintenance (Brooker & Nichols, 2003; Hinchcliff, 2003). Obvious benefits to patients of shorter hospital stays include their savings as consumers of health care treatments and care, and that shorter stays are much preferred by patients in general. Clearly public and private savings on health care costs will occur due to shorter stays. Social costs for conditions such as Alzheimer's can be 4 times as expensive in nursing homes as compared to home care service provision (Henderson, 2002). With informal care, as experience d with family or carers, the monthly costs per patient in 1996 were almost $1, 549. In contrast, the more formal or professional setting of a nursing home incurred costs of approximately $3, 130. Also the formal costs in community settings averaged $ 683 as most of community costs are informal, being met by relatives and caregivers. So that 98% of formal costs were actually billed and payable. Figures were established by multiplying the hours of care by the hourly wage rate for home health aids and personal care attendants.A Swedish study, as reported in Henderson (2002), made comparisons between costs per patient per day for elderly patients according to 1995 values and exchange rates, across different health delivery settings (hospital, nursing home and in-home care). The costs ranged from 627 for hospitalization to 164 in nursing homes, to 0 within their own home with a carer or relative. The results of the Swedish study are echoed by the National Services Framework (DH, 2001a). It is important that the patient's need are met, that they be provided support to maximize their independence, and

Swot analysis Essay Example for Free

Swot analysis Essay Thus, using the SWOT analysis to determine their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, the restaurant can try accomplish their goals by forming new strategies. The restaurant has a variety of strong areas that it can rely on to enable the effective running of the business. These strengths are; firstly, the location. Being next to the university is a major advantage as there are no other major outlets in the area meaning most people have no choice making it a monopoly. On the other hand, one major weakness that counters its strengths’ is the lack of planning. No planning leads to lack of strategies or unclear strategies being made causing ineffectiveness. Another weakness includes the fact that the restaurant has made itself vanurable to competitive pressure since the customers are not satisfied. Meaning they will look for alternatives in the near future. Opportunities are random. A company has to oversee its opportunities to expand their business and thus arising effectiveness ( Nidumolu, Prahalad, Rangaswami, 2009). The restaurant in particular has an opportunity to expand courses to meet the broader range of customer needs. For example, it may develop an new ordering and waiting system to avoid customer dissatisfaction. Another opportunity is the one year guarantee to move to a better strategic group or plan by taking time to assess their limitations. The lack of alliances and communication with the government acts as a threat to the restaurant. The government may establish policies in which the restaurant may not comply hence leading to low profits or even the closure of the restaurant. Another threat is customer dissatisfaction , there is a high risk in loosing potential customers due to incompetence and dissatisfaction.

Homeless Youth Facilitators and Barriers

Homeless Youth Facilitators and Barriers When considering the problem of homelessness, we may think of the stereotypical skid row bums, drug addicts, or perhaps the mentally ill living on the sidewalks begging for change from passerby (Letiecq, Anderson, Koblinsky, 1996). All people that are homeless do not live on the streets. Homeless people can be someone who stays with a friend or a family member, someone living in overcrowded conditions, someone living in poor conditions that may affect their health, someone living away from their loved ones because of certain conditions. Many of these people are youth who lacks proper shelter. Homelessness among young people is a major social concern in the United States. Youth homelessness is not a new phenomenon and it has become more and more severe over the years. We ask what youth homelessness is. According to the National Coalition for the Homeless, homeless youth are individuals under the age of eighteen who lack parental, foster, or institutional care (2008). Homeless youth i ncludes runaways, throwaways, and street youth. They are also referred to as unaccompanied youth (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2008). ÂÂ  Homelessness for youth has been an ongoing issue and is at greater risk due to the greater vulnerability due to the background factors related with their life style. Homeless youth can be found anywhere throughout the U.S. and most of these youth are age 18 or below. Many of these homeless youth comes from low-income communities or from dysfunctional families. Although the prevalence of youth homelessness is difficult to measure, researchers estimate that about 5 to 7.7 percent of youth- about 1 million to 1.6 million youth, under the age of 18 experience homelessness each year (Pope, 2013). As an estimated report by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention in the US Department of Justice, there are about 1,682,900 homeless and runaway youth (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). ÂÂ  Children and youth identified as homeless by the Department of Education in FY2000, only 35% lived in shelters; 34% lived doubled-up with family or friends, and 23% lived in motels and other locations (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). These children and youth may not immediately be recognized as homeless and are sometimes denied access to shelter or the protections and services of the McKinney-Vento Act (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). Youth that are homeless can become this way for a variety of reasons. Many youth become homeless as a result of family problems and financial difficulties. Some of the causes of homelessness are due to physical or sexual abuses, family that has a drug addiction, or because of parental neglect. Often the young people experience more than one of these factors in their homes. For example runaways usually leave their home without letting their parents or a legal caregiver know about their whereabouts. They often tend to have a history of hardship in school and behavioral problems with other peers. Children from families that have always been poor are likely to be worse off than children in families that experience sudden hardship due, for example, to the recession and foreclosure crisis (NCSL, 2103).ÂÂ   Parents are the majority of the time a primary reason these youth becomes homeless. A dysfunctional family can be one of many reasons why these youth would leave their home. The youths become homeless due to some disruptions of their families caused by divorce. If the families break up, the youths are forced to search for new places to live and this becomes very difficult for them. They may lack suitable places to go or stay as they may lack the required funds.ÂÂ  The number of homeless youth has been growing and it has become a serious problem in our society. In a study, 46% of runaway and homeless youth had been physically abused and 17% were forced into unwanted sexual activity by a family or household member (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2007). Some of these young people becomes homeless when their families suffers financial crisis resulting from lack of affordable housing, no job opportunities, no medical insurance or inadequate welfare benefits. ÂÂ  They are not only in need of money, but they are also in need of attention and support. Youth homelessness face gets involve in a high-risk survival behaviors in order to meet their basic needs. Youth on the streets fall prey to substance abuse, develop mental illness, and victimization. Young homeless people are most likely to have high-risk behaviors in such like engaging in unprotected sex, having multiple sex partners and gain access to substance abuse. Some of the homeless youth are forced to involve themselves in prostitution in order to obtain their daily bread and survival. For instance, they participate in unsafe sex in the exchange of basic necessities such as food, shelter and money. This is so because the greater percentage of the youths is sexually active at the average age of thirteen and fourteen years.ÂÂ   Homeless youth use prostitution as ways to survive, in which it can cause lots of unwanted pregnancies. Chronic health conditions, including asthma, other lung problems, high blood pressure, tuberculosis, diabetes, hepatitis, or HIV/AIDS, are prev alent among homeless youth (Pope, 2013). To obtain money, food, or a place to sleep, homeless youth may panhandle or resort to extreme measures such as theft, drug sales and abuse, prostitution, or survival sex (Pope, 2013). Homeless youth can also become mentally unstable. Mental health problems may develop as a result of violence or other trauma experienced while homeless (Beharry, 2012). Homeless youth can be face with traumatic and stressful events which can cause them to be in constant fear or become mentally unstable. They have a greater risk of severe anxiety and depression, suicide, poor health and nutrition and even low self-esteem. Drug and alcohol use are often seen by homeless youth as self-medication for depression and other mental health issues, as a social outlet for connection with peers, or as an otherwise adaptive coping strategy for survival on the streets (Christiani, Hudson, Nyamathi, Mutere, Sweat, 2008). These mental problems can or most likely interfere with their activities such as learning and communicating in school. ÂÂ  Homelessness can lead to an interruption of their education and therefore affects their future ability to live comfortably and independently. These youth that lacks education can set them to experience s evere financial and emotional challenges as not being able to secure any employment in the United States of America. The presence of uneducated and unemployed homeless youths affects the development processes of the societies. Homelessness can affect their educational opportunities for future success. Homeless children and youth who are able to enroll in school still face barriers to regular attendance: while 87% of homeless youth are enrolled in school, only 77% attend school regularly. (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). Youth that are from families who are struggling seems to move around a lot in search of something that is affordable for them such as housing and for employment. These children or youth experiences changes of school messes up their education because their family has to find a place where shelter is affordable for them. According to the Institute for Children and Poverty, homeless children are nine times more likely to repeat a grade, four more times more likely to drop out of school, and three times more likely to be placed in special education programs than their housed peers (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). ÂÂ  Homeless youth need access to services that will help them regain stability in their lives, such as obtaining a job and affordable housing. What does homeless youth need? They would need housing which includes shelter, transitional living programs, and supportive housing that is permanent for youth with mental illness. Homeless youth benefit from programs that meet immediate needs first and then help them address other aspects of their lives.ÂÂ   States can provide homeless youth with access to educational outreach programs, job training and employment programs, transitional living programs, and services for mental health and life skills trainings (NCSL, 2013). There are many programs run by government and voluntary organizations that are aimed to help homelessness by providing advice, financial support, a place to stay and other assistance. There are programs such as housing subsidy, local or federal government assistances. When there is no shelter it becomes a problem for these youth. A lack of affordable housing and limited scale of housing assistance program have contributed to the current housing crisis and to homelessness (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). Income and housing-related factors continue to play a significant role in the growth of homeless families (Anderson Koblinsky, 1995). When parents cannot provide for their kids, these youth are also affected as well. Housing is the key to ending homelessness to help these young people and their families. There are only a small percentage of all homeless youth that seek shelter (Pope, 2013). There are ways to help house these youth. Youth housing programs include group homes, residential treatment, host homes, shared homes, youth shelters, and community-based transitional living programs (NCSL, 2013). As according to LaKesha P. Pope, there are the five strategies to house homeless youth (2013): Develop stable housing without time limits specifically designed to meet the needs of youth which link services for future independent living. Include set-aside unites for youth in existing or newly developed mainstream affordable housing. Allow youth to be integrated into the local Continuum of Care planning and implementation process and as consumers of affordable housing stock. Market housing resources in places where youth will see them. Educate private landlords about the special needs of homeless youth and the existence of programs willing to offer supervision and assistance to youth tenants. These strategies can bring in some positive attitudes to these youth when they know that there is some kind of help or assistance that is set up. What homeless youth need the most is a home. Programs are out to help these youth but it can be a challenge to get the services. It can be a challenge for homeless youth to find help and assistance shelters. They can lack transportation to get to their destination for help. Many youth feel that agencies favors are usually with people who need help the least. Connecting youth to resources is a critical service and especially when a program that lacks funding to provide shelters. A barrier that homeless youth can experience in accessing housing are (Pope, 2013): No rental history Age discrimination No job or not enough income to afford market-rate rents Lack of standing to sign lease Trouble with mobility due to few public transportation options Exposure to domestic violence, sexual assault and adults who solicit youth for illegal activity in exchange for housing Teen parents Past abuse and trauma resulting in mental or cognitive disabilities Failure to find housing with proficiencies in various youth cultures Youth often find themselves homeless because of family breakdowns, system failures, and marginal resources (National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2013). Homeless youth who are not able to live with their families, other options should be made available for them to contribute and take care of themselves. However, we cannot change how people treat their youth, but we can try to change the outcome of a youths life. There are many risks that these youth can face being on the streets with no shelter or help. Some youth may never want to find help or look for assistance but we as human service worker, should try to reach out the best we can.

The Romantic Movement :: Rationalism Romanticism Landscape

The Romantic Movement (1800-1850) Art as Emotion The goal of self-determination that Napoleon imported to Holland, Italy, Germany and Austria affected not only nations but also individuals. England's metamorphosis during the Industrial Revolution was also reflected in the outlook of the individual, and therefore in the art produced during the first half of this century. Heightened sensibility and intensified feeling became characteristic of the visual arts as well as musical arts and a convention in literature. Exposing Rationalism Romanticism in Landscape This tendency toward images of impassioned or poignant feeling cut across all national boundaries. Romanticism, as this movement became known, reflects the movement of writers, musicians, painters, and sculptors away from rationalism toward the more subjective side of human experience. Feeling became both the subject and object of art. Conscious of being propelled into the future, Europe began to take a long and wistful look at the past and embarked on a series of revivals. Classicism, which had gone in and out of style at regular intervals, was joined with revivals of Gothic art, Egyptian art, and the art of the Renaissance. The Classical Tradition By the mid-nineteenth century,much of Europe had become industrialized, and the generation of artists who had inaugurated the Romantic movement were dead. But much of the romantic spirit lived on. In their emphasis on individual genius and subjective experience, arts of the Romantic era handed future generations the basis for their own developement and provided a point of view that coloured their understanding of the past. Characteristics of Romanticism Resulting in part from the libertarian and egalitarian ideals of the French Revolution, the romantic movements had in common only a revolt against the prescribed rules of classicism. The basic aims of romanticism were various: a return to nature and to belief in the goodness of humanity; the rediscovery of the artist as a supremely individual creator; the development of nationalistic pride; and the exaltation of the senses and emotions over reason and intellect.

Enders Game :: essays research papers

Ender’s Game: A Brief Depiction I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Setting:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Staged in mainly four places. Ender Wiggins childhood town, where he is monitored as a prospective third. He is sent to Battle School, which is a satellite of the earth. Then he ends up on Eros where he attends command school and eventually defeats the buggers. He spends the rest of his days with Valentine on the first human colonization, approximately 50 light-years away from Earth.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book takes place in 2190-2200 approx. The advancement of information transportation is significant, in that the ansible is able to transmit information faster than the speed of light, in fact, exactly instantaneous. The starships and fleets they have been able to advance are full on equipped for space and space tugs are similar to barges we have on rivers, and they are used to hull large amounts of materials about space. The fear of buggers is installed within the readers first glance at the book, and maintains constant until the very end when we learn that the buggers are in fact peaceful and loving creatures, unable to communicate that. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Protagonist:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main character, Andrew (Ender) Wiggin is a young child who endures some of the hardest turmoil any human could undergo. He is very brilliant, cunning, paranoid, determined, and above all loving child who becomes mature and eventually saves the world. We see his brilliance from the start and through his days he has become the god-child, and messiah to all who know his name. His paranoia grows steadily throughout the book, due to his lack of trust in any figure he encounters. Any time they show any hint of compassion or any true emotion, ender assumes its all part of the game and plan to make him the best commander alive. His determination comes at us through many different wavelengths. He is at first solely determined to survive against playground bullies. It evolves into winning the battle games and soon after takes a curve and becomes determination to never play the game again. His most admirable trait though, is without fail the love he rarely but deeply shows for Valentine, his sister and partly companion through and through. He often says in the text that he is not a killer and has never meant to hurt anyone, simply to win the fight and never fight it again. He realizes his true love for the queen-bugger when he hosts her into eventually multiple buggers to start a new world of them.

Crash Film Critique

Mark Zelayaran English Honors 1A Mrs. Breckheimer. Crash a film critique The film â€Å"Crash† produced and directed by Paul Haggis is a compilation of clever vignettes all throughout the film and for most they undergo some change; however, for the change to occur the film shows the human side of certain characters. The film is a compilation of lives of various characters in a course of a day in the city of Los Angeles. Although racism, discrimination and prejudice is constantly used all throughout the film, Haggis does this bring the message across that â€Å"Stretches the boundaries†¦ becomes intensely moving†¦acknowledges..The intolerant are human†¦ rage fuels itself and redoubles† (Denby). Scott makes the argument that Crash is â€Å"full of heart and devoid of life†; however, Denby’s claims that Crash â€Å"Stretches the boundaries†¦ becomes intensely moving† and â€Å"acknowledges.. The intolerant are human†¦ rage fue ls itself and redoubles† are evident all throughout the film. The film starts off with two white police officers- Officer John Ryan and Officer Tom Hansen. Haggis has built the character Officer Ryan as an intolerant and angry individual who takes his rage out on others.A fine example of Officer Ryan’s rage fueling itself and redoubling would be when he called his father’s HMO, â€Å"I keep telling you my father is in pain†¦ What does my father do about sleeping tonight? I don’t know I’m not a doctor. I wanna talk to your supervisor. I am my supervisor. Yeah, what's your name? Shaniqua Johnson. Shaniqua, Big fucking surprise that is! † Shortly after, he pulls over an African American couple, Cameron Thayer and Christine Thayer, and proceeds to search them, knowing that their car isn’t the one that’s been stolen.He proceeds to search the couple especially the wife in a crude manner. It’s clear to see in that scene tha t he has no regard for the people whom he holds his anger against. It is evident that what denby claims that â€Å"anger fuels itself and redoubles†. As Denby goes on to say, â€Å"The intolerant are also human, taking this in mind, this ideology can apply to Officer Ryan when his previous supervisor said â€Å"I’m anxious to understand how an obvious bigot could’ve through the department for seventeen years.Eleven of which he was under my personal supervision†, it is not beyond a reasonable doubt that officer Ryan experienced a moment of weakness and the need to take his rage upon others. On the other hand In the case of Officer Hansen, he is portrayed as a young police officer starting out his career in the force and following the lead of his senior officer; however, Officer Hansen tries to not become like his fellow officer Ryan. Boundaries are stretched and become intensely moving in the belief that Officer Hansen tries to hold to be true.A fine scen e to prove that â€Å"boundaries are stretched and becomes intensely moving† would be in when Officer Hansen lets Cameron Thayer off with a â€Å"harsh warning† even when Cameron Thayer was held at gun point and making threatening gestures towards the police officers. Haggis gives an insight of how the police department functions; therefore, he balances the film by giving the perspective of civilians. The film begins to transition to the black couple that was pulled over, Cameron Thayer and Christine Thayer, were harassed by Officer Ryan.Cameron and Christine are victims of the rage from a police officer. Cameron is mostly affected by the harassment from Officer Ryan and as Christine would put it â€Å"When that man was putting his hands on me†¦ I can’t believe you let him do that, baby†¦ I was humiliated for you†¦I just couldn’t stand to see that man take away your dignity†. Cameron has been deeply affected by her words and begins l oathe himself and challenges the police to defend his dignity, and the only way Cameron can do this act is through rage being fueled within him and doubling.Cameron is chased by the Los Angeles police department, an act a man of his socioeconomic stature would never dream of doing, and after being cornered Cameron demands Anthony to leave his car and Anthony replies, â€Å"if you’re so brave why don’t you leave?! †. As Cameron steps out the car and faces the police officers he begins to say insults such as â€Å"Yeah that’s what you look like a fucking joke†. It is evident in this turn of events that Cameron’s rage for himself doubles and begins to take it out on others.The boundaries of law and order are stretched are when Officer Hansen lets him go with a â€Å"harsh warning†, and not turning over Anthony to the police when he had an opportunity to. Towards the end when Cameron tells Anthony â€Å"you embarrass me, you embarrass yo urself†, Cameron realizes that although Anthony tried to car jack him, Anthony is still human and is living a life that is a mistake. Although Cameron’s rage for himself doubled and was only fueled by itself, at the end Cameron choose to stretch the boundaries and proving that intolerant indeed are human through his actions of letting go of Anthony.The film tries to show a somewhat humorous side of the racism, prejudice, and stereotypes that Haggis creates, and it’s done through Anthony. Anthony blames his position in society due to the upper class keeping him there, while Peter simply tries to laugh it off and doesn’t see it that way. The issue between these two characters is the issue of anger. Because once again Denby proves that â€Å"rage fuels itself and redoubles†, when Anthony and Peter are walking down the street and see a white couple [Rick Cabot and Jean Cabot] and as soon as Jean notices both Anthony and peter [his partner in crime], she grabs her husband’s arm.Of course Anthony would notice this and begins to complain, â€Å"Look around! You couldn't find a whiter, safer or better lit part of this city. But this white woman sees two black guys, who look like UCLA students, strolling down the sidewalk and her reaction is blind fear. I mean, look at us! Are we dressed like gang-bangers? Huh? No. Do we look threatening? No. Fact, if anybody should be scared around here, it's us: We're the only two black faces surrounded by a sea of over-caffeinated white people, patrolled by the triggerhappy LAPD.So you tell me, why aren't we scared? â€Å" Anthony’s claim is justified in his eyes and begins to use that same hate against society towards the white couple. The rage and contempt Anthony has for society is taken out on this white couple who represent everything Anthony hates and wishes to overcome. Anthony is filled with rage because of his position in society and he stretches boundaries because of this. A fine example of Anthony stretching boundaries and being intensely moving would be when Anthony encounters Cameron.Anthony even claimed he would never rob from another black man, but he went back on his word thus stretching his own boundary when he attempted to rob him. When the Cameron tells Anthony â€Å"you embarrass me, you embarrass yourself†, in this moving statement Anthony finally takes the bus shortly afterwards once again stretching his own boundaries again, even after claiming he would never take a bus. Haggis puts not only Anthony but other characters through extremes to show the human side of these characters and make them beyond the typecast that some would assume them to be.Haggis puts certain characters through an extreme ordeal and once that character overcomes that ordeal, he or she therefore goes through a transformation. Scott would claim these transformations are â€Å"full heart and devoid of life†; however, the transformations certain characters go through is a necessity to show that the characters are real people. Such as the case of Officer Ryan, his transformation or rather his realization occurred when he saved Christine from a car that was about to explode. As Christine screamed â€Å" Get away from me! Stay away from me!†¦ Don’t touch me!Somebody anybody else, Not you! † it is clear on Officer Ryan’s face that he realizes what he did was on a larger scale than he previously thought. Or even in the case of Anthony after he refused all throughout the film to even take a bus, needless to say, Anthony did end up taking the bus back home after Cameron gave him those intense words. Even in the case of Cameron when he had to challenge the Los Angeles police department to prove himself and attempted to gain back his dignity through means of rage; however, it wasn’t until after he realized his actions and gave those words to Anthony.All in all, transformations, some more extreme than others, a re a necessity in Crash because it shows a human side to the intolerant. All throughout the film it shows characters that are full of emotion and personality; however, to claim to be â€Å"full of heart and devoid of life†(Scott) is a shortcoming, at best. The film is compiled in a way that the lives of twelve characters or so are compiled into one day of interactions and obstacles. To be full of heart means to be full of tugs at heartstrings or other words dramatic, and to be devoid of life is the characters do not portray real people.Scotts claim is presumptuous because if one were to look at the film closely it jumps around characters. Crash takes place in a period of one day in Los Angeles and it is not beyond a reasonable doubt that prejudice, racism, and discrimination all take place every day. Also, one must also take into consideration that Crash contains characters with real and moving personalities and is intensely moving, and without characters to connect to the fi lm would not be moving. As Officer Ryan, Anthony, and Cameron all show the trials and tribulations some may face. In reality, what Scott claims to be â€Å"full of eart and devoid of life† is invalid because he is making a quick judgment of how the characters face the obstacles and never takes into consideration of how much time has passed. In conclusion, Denby’s claims are evident because it shows a human side to the intolerant in the film and also proving that rage only fuels itself and doubles. Haggis uses typecasts to his advantage in proving Denby correct that Crash â€Å"Stretches the boundaries†¦ becomes intensely moving† and â€Å"acknowledges.. The intolerant are human†¦ rage fuels itself and redoubles†. The characters may fall into typecasts but don’t completely succumb to them.As in the case for Officer Ryan, Cameron, and Anthony all go through transformations of extreme means proving that the intolerant are human and rage does fuel itself and doubles. However, this transformation can only be done by stretching boundaries and becoming intensely moving. Scott is disproven because of the fact that all these twelve or so characters are put together through a course of one day; therefore, extreme sides of each are seen one or twice a day. All in all, Crash is a film of racism, transformation, prejudice, stretching boundaries, and acknowledging that the intolerant are human.